National Immunization Program
Frequently Asked Questions Immunization
(1) BCG vaccine
BCG - bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
BCG vaccine - BCG given At birth or as early as possible till one year of age
Dose- 0.1ml (0.05ml until 1 month age)
Site - Intra-dermal Left Upper Arm ( DELTOID) by tuberculin syringe (26G)
BCG vaccine -
Live vaccine / live attenuated vaccines derived from disease-causing viruses or bacteria that have been weaked under laboratory conditions. They replicate in a vaccinated individual, but because they are weak, they cause either no disease or only a mild form of the disease.
WHO recommends that opened vials vaccine should be discarded 6 hours
after opening or at the end of the immunization session, whichever comes first.
BCG vaccine Diluent - normal saline
Why give BCG vaccine only on the left upper arm? BCG is given on the left upper arm to
maintain uni-formity
BCG vaccine -Relatively heat stable, but sensitive to light, Not damaged by
Freezing. ( +2°C to +8°C )
BCG and Measles vaccines are alsolight-sensitive,which supplied in amber-colored vials.
they need to be kept away from light.
Why do we give 0.05ml dose of BCG tonewborns (below 1 month of age)?
because the skin of newborns is thin and an intra- dermal injection of 0.1ml may break
the skin or penetrate into the deeper tissue and cause local abscess and enlarged axillary
lymph nodes.
Why is BCG given only up to one year of age? Most children acquire natural clinical /
sub-clinical tuberculosis infection by the age one year. protects against severe forms of childhood tuberculosis
EX. TB meningitis and miliary disease.
If no scar appears after administering BCG, should one re-vaccinate the child?
There is no need to revaccinate the child even if there is no scar.
National Immunization Program (www.nursingofficer.net)
- Birth At birth or as early as possible within 24 hours
Dose - 0.5 ml
Route- Intramuscular
Site-Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh
OPV-0 At birth or as early as possible within the first 15 days
OPV -1, 2 & 3 At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks
OPV Booster -16-24 months
Dose - 2 drops
Route- Oral
(OPV can be given till 5 years of age)
OPV Preserved - ( -2°C to -8°C ) up to -20°C
Sensitive to heat
1. The inner square is lighter than the outer circle. If the expiry date has not been
passed : USE the vaccine
2. The inner square is still lighter than the outer circle. If the expiry date has not been
passed: USE the vaccine
3. The colour of the inner square matches that of the outer circle: DO NOT use the
vaccine ( Discard )
4. The colour of the inner square is darker than the outer circle: DO NOT use the
vaccine ( Discard ) Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Route- intramuscular ingection
IPV should not be administer child with anaphylactic reaction to neomycin
Reaction-Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (4-30 day) Can OPV and vitamin A be given together with DPT- Booster dose?
Yes.
Can an infant be breastfed immediately after OPV?
Yes.
BCG vaccine - BCG given At birth or as early as possible till one year of age
Dose- 0.1ml (0.05ml until 1 month age)
Site - Intra-dermal Left Upper Arm ( DELTOID) by tuberculin syringe (26G)
BCG vaccine -
Live vaccine / live attenuated vaccines derived from disease-causing viruses or bacteria that have been weaked under laboratory conditions. They replicate in a vaccinated individual, but because they are weak, they cause either no disease or only a mild form of the disease.
WHO recommends that opened vials vaccine should be discarded 6 hours
after opening or at the end of the immunization session, whichever comes first.
BCG vaccine Diluent - normal saline
Why give BCG vaccine only on the left upper arm? BCG is given on the left upper arm to
maintain uni-formity
BCG vaccine -Relatively heat stable, but sensitive to light, Not damaged by
Freezing. ( +2°C to +8°C )
BCG and Measles vaccines are alsolight-sensitive,which supplied in amber-colored vials.
they need to be kept away from light.
Why do we give 0.05ml dose of BCG tonewborns (below 1 month of age)?
because the skin of newborns is thin and an intra- dermal injection of 0.1ml may break
the skin or penetrate into the deeper tissue and cause local abscess and enlarged axillary
lymph nodes.
Why is BCG given only up to one year of age? Most children acquire natural clinical /
sub-clinical tuberculosis infection by the age one year. protects against severe forms of childhood tuberculosis
EX. TB meningitis and miliary disease.
If no scar appears after administering BCG, should one re-vaccinate the child?
There is no need to revaccinate the child even if there is no scar.
National Immunization Program (www.nursingofficer.net)
(2) Hepatitis B
- Birth At birth or as early as possible within 24 hours
Dose - 0.5 ml
Route- Intramuscular
Site-Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh
(3) Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
OPV-0 At birth or as early as possible within the first 15 days
OPV -1, 2 & 3 At 6 weeks, 10 weeks & 14 weeks
OPV Booster -16-24 months
Dose - 2 drops
Route- Oral
(OPV can be given till 5 years of age)
OPV Preserved - ( -2°C to -8°C ) up to -20°C
Sensitive to heat
Reading the Stages of the VVM
1. The inner square is lighter than the outer circle. If the expiry date has not been
passed : USE the vaccine
2. The inner square is still lighter than the outer circle. If the expiry date has not been
passed: USE the vaccine
3. The colour of the inner square matches that of the outer circle: DO NOT use the
vaccine ( Discard )
4. The colour of the inner square is darker than the outer circle: DO NOT use the
vaccine ( Discard ) Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
Route- intramuscular ingection
IPV should not be administer child with anaphylactic reaction to neomycin
Reaction-Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (4-30 day) Can OPV and vitamin A be given together with DPT- Booster dose?
Yes.
Can an infant be breastfed immediately after OPV?
Yes.
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