fluid balance in body | Isotonic | Hypotonic | Hypertonic

fluid balance in body

Total body weigh percentage

Adult55- 60
Infant- 80%
Older client- 45%

Types of fluid compartment in body

1.Extracellular- It makes 1/3rd
2. Intracellular - It makes 2/3rd part.

1. Extra cellular- It contains

Interstitial fluid compartme
Intravascular fluid compartment.
Small fluid compartment.

1.Solute-Substance that is dissolved
2.Solvent- Solution in which the solute is dissolved

Forces- (Body fluid transport)

1. Diffusion- Is the process to movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration through the semi-permeable membrane.

2. Osmosis- Drawn of solvent from less concentration of solute to high concentration of solute through semi permeable membrane.

3. Filtration- Movement of solute and solvent by hydrostatic pressure.

4. Hydrostatic Pressure- It’s type of force exerted by the weight of solution.

-At arterial end- Hydrostatic P. - Osmosis P.
- fluid and solute moves out of the capillary.

-At venous and- Osmosis P. - Hydrostatic P.
- fluid and solute move into the capillary.

Isotonic Solution-

-When the solution of both side of a compartment (separated by semi-permeable) are equal in concentration.

-Solute = Solvent
-Little Osmosis occur -When it is admintration to body, increase E.C.F. volume.

I.V Fluid Isotonic

-0.9% N.S.Solute = Solvent

-(D5w) 5% Dextrose in water

-(D5w/ 1/4 NS)
5% Dextrose in 0.225% saliva

-RL solution / Hartman solution[Q]

(Question nagpur Aiims nursing officer exam)

Lactated Ringer's solution is contraindicated in:

Ans 1. Fluid lost as bile or diarrhea

2. Hypovolemia

3. Lactic acidosis

4. Burns

Right answers - 3. (Lactic acidosis)

Hypotonic Solution-

Lower concentration of solute and high concentration of solution than isotonic.
- It also known as water intoxication
- Celluar edema
- Less salt and more water.
- Less osmolarity.
- Movement of water into cells by osmosis.

I.V Fluid Hypotonic
-(1/2 N.S.) 0.45% NS
-1/4 N.S. (0.225% NS)

-1/3 NS (0.33%NS)

Hypertonic solution

Higher concentration of solute less concentration of solution.
# causes cellular shrinkage

I.V Fluid Hypertonic

- 3%N.S. 3% Sodium chloride
- 5% NS 5% Sodium chloride
- D10W.
- 10% Dextrose in water
- D5W/NS
- 5%W/ 1/2 NS (5% Dextrose in 0.45% N.S.)
- D5 LR (5% Dextrose in Lactate Ringer )
Dextran albumin.

Complication of I.V fluid administration.
Air embolism
-Catheter embolism
-Circulatory overload
-Electrolyte overload
- Hematoma
- Infection
-Infiltration
- Phlebitis
- Thrombophlebits
-Tissue damage
-Intravenous Devices

Complicationsof blood transfusion
-Transfusion reactions
-Circulatory overload
-Septicemia
-Iron overload
-Disease transmission
-Hypocalcaemia

-Complications of parenteral Fluid administration
-Air embolism
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypervolemia
-Hypoglycemia
-Infection
-Pneumothorax.